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Rap/Hip-Hop | Source Material
March 6, 2012
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Source Material: Kanye West, Graduation

Source Material: Kanye West, Graduation

by Mosi Reeves

When Kanye West's third album, Graduation, was released in August 2007, the audience response was muted. That statement needs to be qualified, however. The album's two predecessors, 2004's College Dropout and the following year's Late Registration, had earned rapturous reviews, particularly the latter, which got a perfect five-star rating from both Rolling Stone and XXL magazine, and was nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy. Graduation was well received, too, but not as passionately, because it initially struck listeners as gaudy and superficial. Nevertheless, it may be West's most important album.

On West's first two albums, he carefully nurtured his backpacker, voice-of-the-people credentials. He modeled himself as a humble braggart, a star shining too bright to finish college, yet he balanced his growing arrogance with socioeconomic insights on low-wage employment ("Spaceship"), shopaholics ("All Falls Down") and thug rap as a reflection of the precarious state of the working-class black community ("Crack Music"). He wanted to be the post-millennial version of Pete Rock. But with Graduation, he largely dispensed with the "conscious" raps and narrowly focused on his desire to achieve "stadium status" despite his increasingly disastrous personal life. It was the birth of the Kanye West that we know, love and are often annoyed by today.

As West "graduated" from his underground-rap roots into pop celebrity, he developed several themes. Some of these weren't known to us at the time of Graduation's release: his flailing relationship with his fiance Alexis Phifer informed lyrics like "Flashing Lights," wherein he describes arguing with a date just as the paparazzi spots them. The end of their romance, along with the death of his mother, Donda West, would later inspire the breakup album 808s & Heartbreak. (The Wikipedia page for Graduation exhaustively sources and catalogs the various stories behind its conception.)

Musically, Graduation has numerous strands, including the confessional lyricism of early 1970s pop and rock, from Elton John and Steely Dan to Can; the fomenting electro-house scene that was largely influenced by Daft Punk; and the gauzy, piano-driven sound of arena-rock bands like U2, Keane and Coldplay. Closer to home, West was also inspired by Southern trap rappers like Young Jeezy and T.I. These sounds led him to reduce the gospel-like flourishes of past work (though they remained present, like a reminder of his past, or perhaps a guilty conscience). He simplified his melodies into soft, ringing tones that would play well in large concert venues.

As a result, Graduation seems much more profound now. More than just a well-produced star trip, it finds West unafraid to share his neurotic musings as he struggles to contain his ego and international success. He wants his struggles to seem universal and relatable to us, no matter how remote his rich man's lifestyle may be. On "I Wonder," he raps, "How many ladies in the house? ... On that independent sh*t/ Trade it all for a husband and some kids/ You ever wondered what it all really means?/ You ever wonder if you'll find your dreams?" Here are the albums he might've listened to while chasing his.

Albums
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We Are Your Friends
Simian
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Epiphany
T-Pain
Though not blessed with the greatest voice, T-Pain telegraphs personality better than nearly anyone, and for his sophomore album he has the club denizen/sex god persona down pat. He'll "Buy U a Drank" from the "Bartender," and after you get "Tipsy" there might be some "Backseat Action," and, if you're lucky, you might even land a "69." The album is heavy on naughty, mid-tempo, hip-hop-infused RnB tracks, and T-Pain's wiry, auto-tuned vocals are as sleazy as they are appealing. The monstrous "Buy U a Drink" was the Florida native biggest single to date.
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How To Dismantle An Atomic Bomb
U2
U2 have their feet firmly back on rock 'n' roll terra firma; How To Dismantle... is, for the most part, a lively affair. Nothing rocks as solidly as "Vertigo," but songs such as "All Because of You," "City of Blinding..." and "A Man And..." would sound at home on The Joshua Tree, and that's heavy praise, indeed!
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Sneaky Sound System
Sneaky Sound System
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X&Y
Coldplay
This is Coldplay at their most epic, recalling all the grandiose moments of the bands that inspired them (U2, Radiohead, the Verve, Echo & the Bunnymen). There are a few scattered instances of frantic guitars, but mainly the group offers track after track of stargazing ballads rooted firmly in the ground.
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Live: The Road Goes Ever On
Mountain
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King
T.I.
If not necessarily a moral virtue, T.I.'s arrogance is at least an artistic asset. No rapper since Jay-Z has been so adept at super suave self-promotion ("King Back") and generalized trash-talking ("I'm Talking to You"). The secret is that T.I. cuts his braggadocio with liberal doses of humor, and having super-producers Just Blaze and Swizz Beats on your side doesn't hurt.
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Let's Get It: Thug Motivation 101
Young Jeezy
Your favorite trapper's favorite trapper doesn't like rappers, doesn't talk on phones (for fear of indictment), and slings so much white it'll "hurt your eyes." He's an emotional man; he "loves his glock." And despite anesthetic, he's "livin' in hell," where dreams become nightmares at the drop of a dime and an album built on nihilistic posturing is considered pop music.
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Discovery
Daft Punk
Paris' coolest pair of cybernetics perfects its robot rock on Discovery, morphing Homework's buzzy filter disco into an even suppler strain of electro-funk. Never shy of lite-FM cliches, they turn guilty pleasures into unabashed house anthems with "One More Time" and "Digital Love," and give the vocoder a passionate workout on the infectious "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger." Throughout, the synths go to 11 and the vocals beam down from cloud nine. Establishing one of the decade's most durable sounds, Discovery paved the way for everyone from Justice to Kanye.
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McFadden & Whitehead
McFadden and Whitehead
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Best Of Labi Siffre
Labi Siffre
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The Royal Scam
Steely Dan
Widely considered Steely Dan's weakest effort, The Royal Scam actually remains one of their most enjoyable. No lasting hits here, but "Kid Charlemagne" updates classic gangster movies for the cocaine and 'ludes era while "Sign In Stranger" presaged Fagen's combination of film noir and Sci Fi that would resurface in the Kamarkiriad album.
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The Diary
Scarface
Gangsta rap is supposed to be all about bravado and bluster, right? So then why does H-Town rapper Scarface sound so somber? The specter of death looms over the chilling ballad "I Seen a Man Die," while on the bitter revenge tale "No Tears," Scarface raps, "I can't talk to my mother, so I talk to my diary/I'm goin off on the deep end." Scary, in the saddest possible way.
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The Dynasty Roc La Familia (2000 - )
Jay-Z
On his fifth album in five years, Jay-Z returns triumphantly, delivering his best work since his debut. Flexing a diverse lineup of beats from the Neptunes, Just Blaze, and Rick Rock, the production strikes a balance between gritty and catchy. Jigga keeps getting nicer on the mic, delving into more deep and personal topics. Features the club banger "I Just Wanna Love U."