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Jazz | Source Material
November 2, 2012
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Source Material: Robert Glasper...

Source Material: Robert Glasper, Black Radio

by Seth Colter Walls

What do Radiohead, Thelonious Monk and J Dilla have in common? Jazz pianist Robert Glasper understands and loves them all, and more importantly, knows how to make them all cohere into a lasting vision.

On the one hand, this shouldn't be so surprising: Good music is good music. But stylistically all-over-the-place forms of jazz fusion don't have the best track record. During the '90s, as hip-hop continued its long ascendance and jazz continued its multi-decade slide from pop consciousness, there were a few attempts to make the latter newly relevant, based on contrived collisions with the former.

Very little of this really worked. However well-meaning each remix project might have been, most seemed backward-looking, which subverted the point. And not long thereafter -- as though those failures were the marketplace's final word -- a lot of big companies shuttered their jazz divisions for good. (It's tempting to imagine a meeting in which someone said, "If we can't sell something by crossing it over with rap, why are we even trying to sell it at all?")

But after the retrenchment of modern jazz artists behind boutique and independent labels, something valuable happened. The next wave of young jazz artists started making hip-hop-influenced jazz without being required to do so as part of a marketing push. You can see this in Stefon Harris' Blackout group, or in Vijay Iyer's cover of M.I.A.'s "Galang." The promise of Ron Carter's appearance on A Tribe Called Quest's The Low End Theory was seen through and redeemed.

Is it any surprise to learn that pianist Glasper has been a leading light among this wave? (It shouldn't be: He turned up on Q-Tip's last solo album, The Renaissance, playing his keyboard on "Life Is Better.") And he's had enough success with his electrified "Experiment" trio that Blue Note records got excited about reviving the long-lost search for a rap/jazz hybrid earlier this year, with Black Radio. But to simply note the resulting 2012 hit's most well-known guest stars -- like Lupe Fiasco or Yasiin Bey -- won't suffice. Even when collaborating with pop artists, Glasper is in dialog with the core jazz tradition, whether that be Herbie Hancock's fusion breakthrough, Headhunters (a pop-oriented refinement of crossover moves the pianist honed in Miles Davis' band), or the textures explored by Monk, who used a celesta to proto-Fender Rhodes-like effect on "Pannonica" way back in 1957.

Glasper's own pop affections don't stop with J Dilla or The Roots, either. Here are his thoughts on Radiohead's "Everything In Its Right Place":

For me, I'm a changes guy. I like chord progressions, and that has beautiful chord progressions. I love repeating one note and changing things around that note -- that happens a lot in that song. It lends itself to reharmonizing and reclaiming. It lends itself to jazz.

You can hear Kid A-style textures all over Black Radio: in the vocoder, in some post-production manipulations, and in Glasper's own keyboard tones. Some of the albums referenced below may seem to stand in stark contrast to one another, while others will intuitively seem part of the same tradition: Erykah Badu and Questlove, both Glasper collaborators, worked together long before the pianist came on the scene. (For the playlist, we're also including a couple tracks from the album's post-release remix EP, some of whose tunes have been kicking around Glasper's songbook for years.) If you listen along, you should hear some commonalities and distinguishing characteristics where you least suspect it.

Albums
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Headhunters
Herbie Hancock
This is the album that saw Hancock transform from a respected jazz genius into a funkified crossover superstar. While "Chameleon" and the plugged-in reading of "Watermelon Man" got plenty of airplay, Hancock never panders to his listeners. This is an extremely influential album and is now considered the Rosetta Stone for those who toil in hip-hop and electronica.
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Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor
Lupe Fiasco
Food and Liquor wraps its tales of estrangement and isolation in gorgeously addictive pop packages. Producer Kanye West offers Fiasco a bed of breathtaking, panoramic soul on "Daydreamin'," and the Chi-Town rapper matches the track's lushness with a meditation on the morality of hip-hop that is more impressionistic and metaphorical than it is pedantic. This trick is repeated again on the lonely and sublime "Hurt Me Soul." Lupe is the rare hip-hop artist who is deeply humanistic and unwaveringly honest, and this may very well be the strongest hip-hop debut of 2006.
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Black Radio Recovered: The Remix EP
Robert Glasper
Black Radio's expert mixture of jazz, R&B and rap was a success on its own. But just in case anyone thought it represented a too-smooth take on fusion, here is a remix EP (of album length) that drags things a little more toward the hip-hop axis. 9th Wonder, Pete Rock and Questlove all turn in great productions. And the finale is a new version of Glasper's tribute to Dilla. At 36 minutes and zero languor, this remix album surpasses the original for consistency, even if it sacrifices some subtlety in the process. Thankfully, there's no need to choose between them.
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Things Fall Apart
The Roots
The Roots' fourth album, 1999's Things Fall Apart, transformed them from underground favorites to global superstars. Full of their signature jazz-drenched sound and intelligent wordplay, this record features quality singles like "The Next Movement" and the Grammy-winning ballad "You Got Me," featuring Erykah Badu.
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The Low End Theory
A Tribe Called Quest
Tribe's stellar second LP, Low End Theory finds Tip, Phife, and Ali-Shaheed getting deeper into jazz territory, with smooth, sample-heavy beats and live bass work from Miles Davis associate Ron Carter. Arguably their best work, this '91 classic features choice jams like "Scenario," "Jazz (We've Got)," and "Excursions."
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Brilliant Corners
Thelonious Monk
Though championed in the jazz world, Thelonious Monk's conceptions of rhythm, space, time and chord progressions were initially a tough sell to general audiences. This started to change with this 1956 masterwork. Monk spotlighted more of his original tunes (including the title track and "Bemsha Swing"), and his band is amazingly in sync with him and includes such immortals as Sonny Rollins, Max Roach and Oscar Pettiford (bassist Paul Chambers and trumpeter Clark Terry sit in on "Bemsha Swing"). Even when Monk plays the standard "I Surrender Dear" alone, this remains truly joyful, emotional music.
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The Collection (1991-1998)
Mint Condition
An eclectic band from Minnesota, Mint Condition released four quality LPs throughout the 1990s, each one sporting a unique fusion of funk, soul, jazz and R&B. This compilation touches on all their albums, and features such hits as "Breakin' My Heart (Pretty Brown Eyes)." Ideal for fans of the Time, Brand New Heavies and Musiq.
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Kid A
Radiohead
After the whirlwind of acclaim for OK Computer, Radiohead tried to escape the hype by hitching a ride through the cosmos -- or at least that's what Kid A would have us believe. As Thom Yorke's wails sound belted from the insular surface of the moon ("How to Disappear Completely"), opaque textures of twinkling music boxes ("Kid A"), bustling horns ("The National Anthem"), fanciful harp ("Motion Picture Soundtrack"), crystallized hums ("Treefingers"), dissonant reception ("Everything in Its Right Place") and plenty of unidentified flying clatter orbit this otherworldly masterpiece.
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Donuts
J Dilla
It's hard to overstate the greatness of James "J Dilla" Yancey's final album. These are minute-long loops created with a variety of production techniques, from chopping up and repeating seconds-long sequences of a given sample to playing others at half-speed so they take on a hallucinatory quality. Heard through the prism of his untimely demise, it's a farewell letter to the world that's full of incredibly beautiful moments, such as when he loops Dionne Warwick's "You're Gonna Need Me" for "Stop!" The simplicity and elegance of his technique leaves you open to the depth and power of his music.
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New Amerykah Part Two: Return of the Ankh
Erykah Badu
After dedicating her last album to the polarized weirdness that is America in the 21st century, Erykah Badu's focus on Part II circles back in on itself -- or perhaps, on herself. The music is still mildly hallucinatory -- "20 Feet Tall" puts us in some kind of altered, emotional Wonderland -- but the drug-addled effects are dialed down in favor of a return to jazzy neo-soul. And if the personal is political, then it's still a political album, but the soldiers in Iraq get no shout-outs here. Love -- joke-love, money-love, real love -- occupies these approachable and sometimes brilliant songs.