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Description of Romantic

 
After the restrictions felt by composers in the Baroque and Classical periods, when church and state dictated what the artist could or could not write, the Romantic period was a whirlwind of self-determination. Artists took more risks with their music, following their hearts and imaginations. Inspiration was also gleaned from the poetry and plays of the day, such as Hector Berlioz's The Damnation of Faust, based on the epic poem by Goethe. Beethoven, a key link between the Classical and Romantic eras, guided young composers with his then-heretical belief that an artist was as good as (if not better) than any nobleman. Composers of this period are known for leading lives marked by both excess and tragedy, the latter exemplified by Frederic Chopin and Robert Schumann; Chopin was plagued with ill health, and Schumann spent his final years in a mental institution. Their struggles and those of their contemporaries enabled them to write some of the most beautiful and intensely personal music the world has ever known. Also during this time, virtuosos enraptured the public with their skill as well as their exploits: Franz Liszt could break a piano during a performance and Nicolo Paganini was rumored to be in league with the devil (the reason for his unusually speedy trills); both had numerous scandalous affairs. Significantly, the Romantic composers helped usher in modern music; for example, Richard Wagner's use of atonality and harmonic vagueness in his mammoth opera Tristan and Isolde was a harbinger of what was to come.
 

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Romantic Key Artists

 
Anton Bruckner

Bruckner was a Romantic
composer and organist
whose monumental, grand
symphonic writing was
largely influenced by Wa...

Antonín Dvorák

Along with Smetena, Dvorak
helped pioneer a uniquely
Czech style of orchestral
composition. This famed
nineteenth century comp...

Bedrich Smetana

Smetana's fiercely patriotic
and programmatic music
greatly influeced the young
Czech Antonin Dvorak.

Camille Saint-Saens

Saint-Saens wrote
conservative French
Romantic music, receiving
more acclaim abroad in
England and the Americas...

Cesar Franck

Franck spent his days
composing and teaching
organ in Paris in the middle
of the nineteenth century.

Clara (Wieck) Schumann

Concert pianist who
composed a small number of
subtle, significant works for
keyboard and voice.

Edvard Grieg

This Romantic and
nationalistic Norwegian
composer wrote Norway's
national anthem. Grieg was
the first internationally re...

Franz Liszt

Much of Liszt's music is
incredibly advanced; he
had a huge effect on the
post-Romantics and early
Contemporary composers...

Franz Schubert

Along with Beethoven,
Schubert is often seen as
the first of the Romantics.
Although mildly popular, it
wasn't until after his deat...

Frederic Chopin

Chopin is the most famous
composer for the
keyboard. His works have
remained in the repertoire
since they were penned....

Gabriel Faure

Faure was the bridge
between Chopin's delicate
melodic sensitivity and
Debussy's colored,
impressionistic flourishes....

Giacomo Puccini

Inspired first by Verdi's
Aida, Puccini's works also
combine rich, lush
orchestration with
intensely emotional libret...

Gustav Mahler

Best known in his day for
conducting, Mahler
composed large and
philosophically driven
Romantic era symphonic...

Hector Berlioz

Hector Berlioz was a
French composer of the
Romantic period. Berlioz's
orchestra had twice as
many instruments as Moza...

Jacques Offenbach

Offenbach composed light,
satirical operettas after
successfully resurrecting a
dilapidated theater in Paris
for his work.

Jean Sibelius

This nationalistic Finn drew
upon Nordic folklore and
contemporary Finnish
authors and poets for his
symphonic works. The fa...

Johannes Brahms

When compared to the
emotional excesses of
Wagner, Brahms was the
great conservative
composer of the nineteen...

Ludwig van Beethoven

Beethoven serves as the
bridge between the
Classical and Romantic
periods -- composers as
artisans v. composers as a...

Modest Mussorgsky

Mussorgsky's nationalistic
style is rougher, less trained
than his peers Tchaikovsky
and Rimsky-Korsakov.

Nicolo Paganini

Legend holds that he sold
his soul to the devil for both
fame and his blinding speed
on the violin.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Rimsky-Korsakov, along
with Mussorgsky, was part
of a group of Russian
nationalist composers
known as the Five. The Fi...

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Tchaikovsky combined
European art music with
Russian folk song. His ballets
-- "Swan Lake," "The
Nutcracker" and "Sleepin...

Richard Strauss

Strauss maintained his
thoroughly Germanic,
Romantic compositional
style well into the twentieth
century.

Richard Wagner

Exclusively an operatic
composer, his works are
dramatic and long. The Ring
alone takes a week to
perform in its entirety. He...

Robert Schumann

Schumann was the first
composer to write with no
thought given to accepted
Classical forms. Schumann's
tragedy began after he ru...

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